Carbon frame repair really depends what's getting repaired. Will it be as strong as it originally was? Maybe, but is it still serviceable? That's a case by case call but it certainly can be done, and has been done for years."Repair kits"
oh how easy, we've got repair kits.
But lets face it, those are little better that wrapping some tape around and over the area and allowing it , or the epoxy to harden.
Frames are built and use vacuum moulds to form and apply a great deal of pressure to force out any trapped air bubbles. So jsut wrapping a bit of tape around not dissimilar to an elastoplast isnt really,truly doing much. Its strengthening the area to some degree, but if you were to do it properly, you would need to form a vacuum around the 'patch' and lets face it the vast majority don't have access to one of those(Though I do, but im not the lending type )
With a 6061 aluminium frame, you technically can weld it, but due to the heat treatment process required to bring the heat affected area back up to T6 specifications it will be a lot weaker than before and likely to fail again.
If you want something easy to repair steel and titanium is the way to go, but you have the drawbacks of weight, cost (in the case of titanium) the lack of the ability to easily form the tubes (do you want to house the battery in an attractive looking downtube) are examples that come into play.
The gain from carbon fibre is the ability to make the frame stronger in the area that it needs to be in any area of the frame. A good FEA analysis (which all manufacturers would be using these days) will find where this is needed. It's not as easy with an alloy frame as you are limited to the cross sectional area of the tubing. Hydroforming can aid this but it's always a compromise.